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MSMEs or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises play a significant role in the growth and development of the Indian economy. The MSME sector has emerged as the backbone of the Indian economy, providing employment opportunities to a significant portion of the population. The Government of India and various state governments…

Aspiring entrepreneurs who want to register a company in India must obtain a Director Identification Number (DIN) before they can start the registration process. A DIN is a unique identification number allotted by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) to individuals who want to become directors or already serve as…

Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that offer banking services without a banking license. NBFCs are subject to regulatory scrutiny by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other financial regulatory authorities. One of the key regulatory requirements for NBFCs is to conduct internal and statutory audits. In this…

National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) was constituted by the Government of India in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013. NFRA is an independent regulatory body responsible for overseeing the quality of financial reporting and auditing of listed companies in India. The establishment of NFRA was a significant step towards ensuring…

Financial statements are crucial documents that businesses use to report their financial performance to stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and regulators. These statements are relied upon by decision-makers to assess the financial health of a business and to make informed decisions. Therefore, it is important that financial statements are accurate…

Shareholders rights refer to the legal and financial entitlements that shareholders hold as owners of a corporation. Shareholders have certain privileges, powers, and protections that are essential for their participation in corporate decision-making and to safeguard their investment in the company. Shareholders rights is vital for investors who want to…

For companies, funding is the most vital part for functioning of the business and Share capital is the main funding for companies. Share Capital is the whole amount of money that a company increases from the sale of its shares to investors. It shows the long-term financing of the company,…

The Companies Act, 2013 provides a comprehensive framework for the allotment of securities by a company. The Act contains provisions for the issuance of securities through a prospectus or a private placement, and for the creation of debentures by a company. The Act also lays down the conditions for the…

  Rules and regulations are systematic way to do any kind of work, and Articles of Association (AOA) is a rule book for the functioning of the company. AOA contains all rules and targets of the company which one must stick to it. AOA has formed at time of incorporation…

Memorandum of Article is a vital document for the Company, which provides the Scope, objectives, and limitations of it. It lays down the framework within which the company operates, and any changes to the MOA can have far-reaching consequences for the company and its stakeholders. An alteration of the MOA…